Author: Ryano Chu

The statistics are simply staggering.

• One in five kids ages 10-17 receive unwanted online solicitations, according to research from the US Department of Justice.  
• Most occur on social networking sites and 1 in 33 receive an aggressive sexual solicitation.  
• One in six youth surveyed shared a nude image online (between ages of nine and 17).

What’s more alarming is between 50-70% of the online predators have physically assaulted a child in the past.   

“This abuse isn’t even under our noses – many parents miss it because we don’t know what to look for,” explains Lt. Eric Kinsman, Commander of the New Hampshire Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) Task Force, speaking to more than two dozen parents inside the high school auditorium in Exeter, New Hampshire.  

The parents attended to learn how to keep their kids safe online. While community education is a requirement for Lt. Eric Kinsman to keep federal funding, it’s the part of the job he enjoys most. He talks to both parents and students with age-appropriate presentations and views it as a key preventative measure in hopes kids will think twice before uploading a picture or inadvertently chatting with a bad actor.  

A Problematic Increase 

Kinsman explains that since 2018, there’s been a 275% increase in child exploitation cyber tips. Some silver lining is that about half of the cases end up not being a child in danger. Still, New Hampshire is serving two to three search warrants a week on criminals targeting children. 

“We got why it happened during the pandemic – with kids constantly online, but why it didn’t drop off was really puzzling,” said Lt. Kinsman. “Then we considered that more and more apps are being developed every day and more and more kids have access to a device. Kids are even creating their own explicit content and uploading it – they think it’s funny or cool and do not realize what they’re doing.”  

Lt. Kinsman explained how data is transferred between devices and how internet service providers are required to report. Those reports go to NCMEC, through its CyberTipline, which ultimately sends it to law enforcement. From there, Lt. Kinsman’s team employs digital investigative technology, including Cellebrite, to help them find the perpetrators.  

A Long History of Protecting Children  

New Hampshire led the way, creating the first Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) Task Force. There are now 61 across the United States with every state having one and geographically larger states breaking into several regions. The task forces are funded through grants from the federal government and provide law enforcement training, proactive investigations, reactive investigations, training to ICAC investigators and community outreach and education, like the event Lt. Kinsman created in Exeter, NH.    

Lt. Kinsman educated parents on the types of ICAC cases including possession and distribution and the more complicated cases of manufacturing the material and worst of all traveling cases where the child is groomed and lured. Lt. Kinsman then outlined the 10 Common Predator Tactics: 

• Prey on a young person’s desire for romance, adventure and sexual information 
• Develop trust and secrecy: Manipulate the child by listening to and sympathizing with the child’s problems and insecurities 
• Affirm the child’s feelings and voices 
• Exploit the child’s natural sexual curiosities 
• Ease inhibitions by gradually introducing sex into conversations or exposing them to pornography 
• Flatter and compliment the child excessively, send gifts (i.e. electronic currency on gaming apps, gift cards) and invest time, money and energy 
• Develop relationship that’s romantic, controlling which the child becomes dependent 
• Drive a wedge between the child and his or her parents 
• Make promises of an exciting, stress-free life, tailored to the youth’s desire 
• Make threats and will often use child sexual abuse material featuring the victim to blackmail them, also known as sextortion

A helpful companion  

Niko, the NH ICAC K9, doubles as an agent and a therapy dog. Not only can he sniff out any device with stored data, due to a particular chemical he’s trained to detect, he also serves as a friendly companion to the investigators who must mentally deal with investigating these cases. The five-year-old half-lab, half-golden retriever is partnered with Deputy Matt Fleming.

The pair have been working together since May 2020. “He can find any device that stores or transmits data – that’s big,” Deputy Fleming said. “We want to find everything we can and get it to the hands of the digital forensics people and let them work their magic.” In addition, Niko is a loving, secure reassurance for kids dealing with these unthinkable situations. “He’s (Niko) been involved in over 250 warrants since we’ve had him,” Lt. Kinsman said. “And he’s made an impact at every single one in some way, shape or form.”  

Deputy Fleming calls Niko a game changer for the NH ICAC Task Force and says that this four-legged officer is the best partner he’s ever had. “Our days are tough,” he explained, “we see a lot of really hard things to accept. I have done probably lifetime, over 200 child predator interviews before I took Niko on. And I tell a lot of investigators that my cup was full and I wasn’t done fighting yet, but I needed to figure another way out. And I’m not a digital forensics guy. I think that in a lot of ways this dog saved my life, not just kids’ lives.” 

Kids and Apps  

Something Lt. Kinsman stresses when he talks with kids and parents is that once an image is posted online – you cannot take it back.   

“The App should not matter if your child is making good decisions when it comes to social media,” Lt. Kinsman says. “Yet we don’t want them to have a false sense of security. Particularly when apps have messages that disappear on the other end, the child must know that information can live on.”  

Lt. Kinsman flagged an App known as Spy Calc, which operates like a normal calculator, yet you can hide messages and images in there – a virtual vault. YouTube, along with Roblox is a popular source for cyber tips, particularly with younger boys. Younger boys enjoy going on YouTube and broadcasting themselves playing a game. That child now has a channel where he is chatting with his viewers.   

“Predators are known to disguise themselves as another child and they’re looking to get pieces of information from the child they can use to exploit the child at a later time. When do Mom and Dad go to work? When are they going on vacation? When are you staying with Grandma next week?” Lt. Kinsman explains. “The predator then identifies Mom and Dad on Facebook and look into a family’s life. These predators are incredible at their trade craft.”  

The New Normal   

76% of teens are at least somewhat concerned that posting information publicly could negatively impact future – so why do they do it? There’s a reward that they could be recognized among peers and sometimes, and oftentimes that wins out in their risk/reward assessment.  

Lt. Kinsman encouraged parents in attendance – many of them GenX or elder Millennials – to consider the new normal, where: 

• Online strangers are “friends” 
• Kids don’t want to lose online friends (constantly comparing #s) 
• They get major FOMO (fear of missing out) 
• Feelings of inadequacy 
• Screentime (time vs. quality) 
• Stress (comparing their post to a friend’s post)

In this lens, it’s easy to see how kids, particularly teens who are seeking connection, go from a simple introduction to being exploited. How it works: 

• They accept friend requests from people they don’t know 
• The predators groom them over time (often from countries a world away) 
• “I promise I won’t show anyone” 
• “I’ll send one if you do.” 
• They send because it’s funny, to impress or to share with a boyfriend- sadly, it’s the norm

The Big Red Flags  

Lt. Kinsman wanted to arm parents with information and that includes being able to identify red flags that something may be off, such as:  

• Receiving gifts 
• Calling unknown numbers 
• Rejecting family and friends 
• Getting upset when not online

If there’s a deviation in any baseline of normal behavior, he strongly encouraged parents to act on it. Kids are generally afraid to tell their parents, so encouraging an open dialogue is critical – explaining that they can approach you with anything. Data shows that increased parental control is associated with more (and not fewer) online risks. The messages that DO NOT WORK, include: 

• Scare tactics 
• Stereotypes 
• Overstated statistics 
• Dismissive perspectives 
• Shaming 
• Banning of specific sites 

Data shows the messages THAT DO WORK with kids include:  

• Clear, reasonable expectations 
• Positive social norms 
• Use good stats about good behaviors 
• Accurate and timely information 
• Skill-based and interactive 
• Positive, supportive conversations – here are some conversation starters: 
• What do you like to do online? 
• Are your contacts with others positive? 
• Do they make you feel happy? 
• Do you ever feel isolated? 
• Does anything ever scare you?

What to do if Your Child is Exploited  

If your child is exploited – leave the phone as it is – do not touch a single file or do anything with the phone – the digital forensics gleaned in the case could hold the bad actor accountable. In a perfect world, place it in airplane mode while you wait to get it in the hands of law enforcement. Cellebrite is proud to partner with and provide technology for countless ICAC task forces, including New Hampshire. The trained, professional examiners can use the technology to extract the important evidence in the case that typically can hold the bad actor accountable.   

Lt. Kinsman shared some great resources he points parents toward when they need information and support in having these important conversations. They include:  

• Missingkids.org 
• Icactaskforce.org 
• Netsmartz.org 
• Cac-nh.org 
• Enough.org 

This story was originally published on the Cellebrite website.

 

Criminals today exploit a vast digital landscape—phones, computers, cloud storage—leaving a scattered trail of evidence. Beyond acquiring these disparate sets of data, investigators also face the challenge of analyzing, manually connecting dots and building a comprehensive picture. Recognizing that hurdle, the Nampa, Idaho Police Department’s Digital Forensics Lab took steps and made the proper investments to make sure that the investigative process, from case-to-closure, is as streamlined as possible.

Y2K Beginnings

The Nampa Police Department established its digital forensics lab in the early 2000s when technology began permeating law enforcement investigations. However, as technology evolved, so did the unit’s responsibilities, expanding to encompass mobile phones, computers, tablets and other digital devices. Spearheaded by Detective Cameron Cowdery, with 24 years of combined experience in patrol, CID, special investigations and DEA task forces, NPD’s digital forensics lab has become indispensable not just in NPD’s investigative process but also for agencies in neighboring counties.

“In the last three years, we’ve been right on track to be around 25 to 30 devices a month,” Det. Cowdery says, a testament to the unit’s effectiveness. Support from the agency is critical, enabling Det. Cowdery and his team to acquire crucial tools like Cellebrite Premium, UFED, Pathfinder, Guardian and more.

Running this full arsenal of digital forensics solutions, Det. Cowdery and team have continuously demonstrated their investigative edge at every step of the process, often putting forth digital evidence that helps close cases or unravel a larger web of crime that would otherwise be overlooked.
Det. Cowdery highlights three cases that illustrate the above, starting with one that demonstrates how having the right digital forensics tools at the right time can help break cases wide open.

“Right out of the box, Premium did its job and gave us solid probable cause for an arrest warrant and to take them to a grand jury.”

Pandora’s Box in an iPhone

In a drive-by shooting investigation, Det. Cowdery says they had a person who was shot and left paralyzed. The lab received an iPhone XR related to the crime, and initially didn’t have the solutions available to access and extract data from the device. Without strong evidence, the case ran the risk of running cold.

When Det. Cowdery got the Cellebrite Premium solution (now part of Cellebrite Inseyets), they “managed to get in it [iPhone XR] the day we got the solution installed,” Det. Cowdery recalls. “We ended up finding pretty significant content in the device, linking the owner of the phone to the actual shooting and numerous other crimes that had occurred before the shooting. Right out of the box, Premium did its job and gave us solid probable cause for an arrest warrant and to take them to a grand jury.”

Pathfinder Connects to Dots in Stalking Case

The detective also details an instance that showcased digital forensics solutions’ ability to connect more dots faster than was traditionally possible.

It was a stalking case and the women who feared for her life brought Detective Cowdery three devices to start. That list grew to nine associated devices.

The initial phase of the investigation involved manually searching through the data extracted from the devices provided by the victim. Detective Cowdery describes the complexity of managing multiple extractions and correlating information across different devices.

“I’m having to pull up all three extractions on two computer screens and go in between each extraction to look at his [the suspect’s] phone and her two phones that she brought us,” he explains.

However, the investigative process was eased with automated digital evidence analysis. “With the help of Pathfinder, it makes that organization so much easier by ingesting everything together. To show where it’s coming from,” Det. Cowdery notes.

Tools like Cellebrite Pathfinder enable Detective Cowdery and his team to efficiently organize and analyze vast amounts of data, uncovering critical evidence that ultimately leads to the successful resolution of the case – the woman’s ex-husband was arrested – accused of doing the stalking.

“Pathfinder’s been able to organize that data much, much, much easier than we could by ourselves,” acknowledges Detective Cowdery.

Homicide to Human Trafficking

Wrapping up his repertoire of successful cases, the detective recalls one that highlights the importance of cloud-based evidence management solutions: a shooting that unveiled a sinister human trafficking web involving minors.

“We have a homicide that occurred here in Nampa. The suspects was from the area. At the same time the homicide occurred, we found out he is smack dab in the middle of a giant human trafficking group,” Det. Cowdery recalls.

“Our neighboring jurisdiction is looking at him as the brain running a human trafficking organization. The investigator from there has a chart of all her known players, so far, that are involved in this human trafficking case that she’s been working on,” Det. Cowdery explained, revealing there were 59 suspects on said chart.

With so many players on the board, the investigation pushed the boundaries not only when it came to devices and data that needed to be accessed and extracted, yet also the ability to share all that data back and forth between relevant parties. A monumental task that was made more efficient with a cloud-based solution that NPD employs internally. In a keystroke, Det. Cowdery can share full case data with anyone, without the tedious storage drive juggling and delivery.

“Because of Cellebrite Guardian, we’re able to move this data between ourselves at a much more accelerated pace and share these large extractions between all parties involved,” he says.

Police made arrests and the case is still moving forward. With the increasing stockpile of data, Det. Cowdery is confident they will connect more dots with the help of Cellebrite Pathfinder, pulling more perpetrators out of the shadows and serving swift justice.

Looking Forward

As Det. Cameron Cowdery approaches retirement, his reflections offer a comprehensive overview of the Nampa Police Department’s digital forensics lab’s achievements, challenges and its indispensable role in modern law enforcement.

By embracing cutting-edge solutions for each step in the investigative process, the NPD is not only streamlining processes but also advancing justice and fostering inter-agency collaboration.

When law enforcement officials from the Brazilian Border Police Battalion (BPFRON) found and rescued 15-year-old Luna during an operation in Santa Helena, in the interior of Paraná, Brazil, they discovered that she was one of countless young girls who had been lured into a life of abuse and forced slavery.  

This was the first human trafficking case the agency closed after technical training at The Exodus Road’s TraffickWatch Academy, a masterclass training program for law enforcement agencies in Brazil, with a module from Cellebrite. 

“In the 2022 Carnival, after receiving information that Paraguayan minors were being prostituted in brothels in Santa Helena, we triggered our first operation to combat human trafficking,” shares BPFRON 1st Police Lieutenant André L. Jaworski Fantin. 

Although the agency identified a suspect, they were unable to connect him to organized crime in the city – that is, until they used Cellebrite’s advanced digital investigative solutions to uncover an international network of criminals, with their suspect at the center of it all. 

“Thanks to the use of Cellebrite, we were able to identify a weapons, drugs and people trafficking scheme,” says Lt. André. Most importantly, they were able to reunite a child with her family.  

For Lt. André, being able to accelerate justice for and prevent further harm to these victims is the most rewarding part of being a police officer. The cherry on top of it all is being able to ensure that criminals don’t escape punishment.   

“Police officers can save, protect and help people in a way that few people can,” Lt. André says.” Far beyond enabling fair punishment for criminals, which is also rewarding, is rescuing a victim of abuse and …bringing “a little peace to their families by taking the (criminals) to justice.” 

 

Access to Digital Investigative Solutions 

For some states in Brazil, such as Pernambuco, the only equipment available to investigate these crimes are donations through Cellebrite’s partnership with The Exodus Road. Insufficient tech can affect law enforcement’s ability to resolve cases. In fact, access to advanced forensics tools and training are essential in uncovering sexual exploitation and human trafficking schemes that take place across the country.  

In Amazonas, for example, the Civil Police uncovered a sexual exploitation scheme after receiving a video from a teenage girl’s phone. After legally seizing video tapes, hard drives, pen drives and a computer as part of their investigation, they discovered that the perpetrator was involved in at least four types of sexual exploitation including prostitution, sexual assault and sexual tourism.. 

Besides the anti-trafficking training, which TraffickWatch Academy conducted in nine states across the country, Brazillian law enforcement agencies also received the latest forensics tech from Cellebrite. In 2023 alone, they rescued 170 survivors and arrested 10 perpetrators as a direct result of the training and the digital investigative solutions provided.  

 

The Importance of Digital Investigative Solutions 

Due to the transnational nature of human trafficking and organized crime, it is essential that law enforcement agencies gain access to advanced digital investigative solutions for secure and streamlined investigations and cross-agency collaboration.  

These cases underscore the critical importance of Operation Find Them All, a groundbreaking public commitment campaign between Cellebrite and its partners, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), The Exodus Road and Raven, to accelerate investigations of online crimes against children. 

Child exploitation in the digital age has surged to unprecedented levels, demanding innovative solutions from law enforcement agencies worldwide. The staggering statistics from the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) reveal the scale of the challenge: almost 32 million reports in 2022 alone.

These reports encompass a spectrum of crimes, including child sexual abuse material, online enticement, trafficking and molestation. The sheer magnitude of the issue necessitates a collective and technologically advanced approach.

However, the fight against Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) is fraught with challenges, from overwhelming caseloads to the constant evolution of digital tactics by criminals.

Obstacles for ICAC Officers in the Digital Age The Seattle Police Department’s ICAC unit provides a glimpse into the operational intricacies. Acting as the lead agency for the State of Washington, they filter CyberTip referrals, handle external law enforcement assistance requests, and manage ICAC-related queries from foreign entities. Some of the challenges they face include:

1. Case and Device Overload

ICAC units face an overwhelming caseload due to a significant increase in monthly referrals. In 2020, Seattle PD’s team experienced a substantial surge in referrals, averaging between 425 and 450 per month, reflecting an alarming 240% increase from 2014 – a six year time span. Officers were also issuing search warrants for up to 50 technological devices at a time because perpetrators were using multiple devices to commit these crimes.

This sudden surge has put immense pressure on the investigators, hindering effective management and planning.

2. Technological Savvy Perpetrators

Child exploiters have adapted to technological advancements, utilizing dark web platforms, peer-to-peer technologies, IP anonymizers and proxies.

“All of these are different things that suspects have access to in an attempt to obfuscate their activities. That was much less utilized a decade ago, yet it’s much more common today,” said Seattle PD’s Detective Ian Polhemus.

This technological race adds complexity to investigations, requiring constant adaptation by law enforcement.

3. Time Constraints

In child exploitation cases, time is a critical factor. As Captain Edwards of the Seattle PD emphasized, “Time is our enemy. Anything that increases that time profile for us makes it so much more difficult.”

The intricate nature of modern investigations, coupled with factors like encryption and international storage, elongates the time profile, making timely interventions challenging.

4. Personnel Strain and Funding Uncertainty

High turnover rates among investigators, attributed to the emotionally taxing nature of the work and funding uncertainties, pose a substantial threat to the sustainability of ICAC units. The “defunding” discourse adds a layer of uncertainty to personnel and resource availability.

Digital Intelligence (DI) in Action

Despite these formidable challenges, technology has become a valuable tool for ICAC units to overcome them. As technology advances, officers must have the appropriate training and tools to assist children in trouble and quickly develop actionable intelligence.

“Being able to identify technologies and training that will work and appeal to a diverse group [is key],” Captain Edwards explained.

Maintaining the chain of custody is vital during digital investigations. Using digital evidence management systems (DEMS) linked to a case management system provides a significant advantage. By deploying DEMS, agencies can protect and manage evidence through all stages of a case.

Additionally, AI-driven analytics solutions play a significant role in managing the overwhelming volume of digital data. These tools efficiently sift through vast datasets, promptly providing investigators with critical insights. This accelerates the investigative process and reduces the workload for already strained personnel.

Modern DI solutions enable authorized information sharing across departments and international boundaries. This collaborative approach is essential in tackling complicated cases often involving perpetrators operating across jurisdictions. While DI solutions still require a workforce for investigations, they save time and provide peace of mind to resource-strapped departments.

Conclusion

The battle against child exploitation demands a multifaceted approach, intertwining technological advancements, ample funding and ongoing training. This strategic approach empowers law enforcement to effectively combat child exploitation within the intricate landscape of the internet.

As society grapples with the complexities of the digital age, a united commitment is paramount, ensuring a safer future for our children in the digital world.

The rise of online child sexual exploitation offenses, facilitated by rapid technological changes, is a pressing concern. Perpetrators, using digital devices and the vast expanse of the internet, engage in abusive acts against children and leave a trail of trauma and suffering in their wake.

The misuse of terminology further complicates this reality. The widespread use of “child porn” to describe these despicable acts is inaccurate and profoundly harmful. It fails to capture the gravity of the situation, glossing over the depth of the pain victims experience.

The Problems with the Term “Child Porn”

Contribution to Normalization of Child Sexual Assault

Labeling these heinous acts as “porn” normalizes the abuse, placing online CSAM into a category akin to mainstream, adult, consensual pornography, explains Matt Parker co-founder of The Exodus Road. However, this is evidence of criminal acts against children, infants and young people. With more children playing games online, pedophiles and/or traffickers are using these platforms and posing as children to groom children and obtain explicit images.

“And then they extort. That opportunity to get more images or to threaten [victims] so that there’s money in exchange is a massive problem,” he said.

Glen Pounder, a founding board member of Raven, underscores the need for change, stating that the EARN IT Act will introduce stricter rules with which online platforms must comply. The amended legislation aims to appropriately define this crime as child sexual exploitation.

“I cringe when I hear child pornography,” Pounder said, emphasizing that it fails to capture the true nature of these offenses.

Research has also revealed that perpetrators often use these materials to desensitize themselves before committing sexual offenses or to groom child victims. This disturbing pattern of behavior normalizes their actions in their minds, facilitating offenders to coerce victims into sexual contact.

False Distinction and Overlap with Contact Sexual Offenses

“Child porn” creates a misleading division between viewing images and direct child sexual abuse. There is a troubling overlap between those who view child sexual abuse material (CSAM) and those who commit contact sexual crimes.

Studies suggest that individuals who viewed online CSAM (30%-80%) and those arrested for possessing such materials (76%) had sexually abused a child. Moreover, viewing this material contributes to the demand for its production. For survivors, knowing that images of their abuse continue to circulate is a constant reminder of the trauma they experienced.

Parker also pointed out a disturbing trend: elevated suicide rates among children subjected to extortion and coercion into producing CSAM. “Of course, on camera, they look like they want to be there just like everybody does in a commercial red-light district. They don’t,” Parker said, highlighting a grim reality where children are forced to live in basements, compelled to perform explicit acts on webcams. Calling this form of sexual exploitation “pornography” not only downplays the severity of the crimes committed but also adds an extra layer of complexity to the prosecution process

The Impact of Terminology on Safeguarding Children

Using the phrase ‘child porn’ minimizes the severity of the abuse. The incorrect terminology undermines the crime, leading to inadequate support and protection for the victims. Additionally, CSAM victims struggle to report their experiences as they may fear punishment or feel complicit in the creation of the materials.

Correcting this terminology is crucial as it reduces these barriers, helping survivors understand that what happened to them was abuse and not their fault.

The Terminology Guidelines for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, also known as The Luxembourg Guidelines, offer ways to navigate terms commonly used to address exploitation and sexual abuse of children.

Below are key examples of terms that should be avoided when referring to child sexual abuse.

Terms To Be Avoided Completely	Recommended
Child porn	Child sexual abuse
Child sex tourism	Sexual exploitation of children in the context of travel and tourism
Child sex tourist	Traveling perpetrators of child sexual offenses
Child prostitution	Exploitation of children in/for prostitution
Child prostitute, child sex worker	Victim of sexual exploitation
Customer, client, John	Abuser, child sex offender
Webcam child sex tourism/webcam child sex abuse	Live online child sexual abuse

Challenges Faced by Law Enforcement and Technology Companies

Law enforcement agencies worldwide grapple with the overwhelming volume of CSAM circulating online. Unfortunately, limited resources are often allocated, hindering national and international collaborative efforts. This lack of resources severely impedes the global fight against this issue.

Moreover, cooperation from online and social media service providers remains a challenge. Technology giants like Google and Microsoft have been at the forefront, supporting the development of tools to identify and remove such horrifying content from the internet.

However, Chief Operating Officer of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) Derrick Driscoll noted that the industry lacks the capacity to detect and report child exploitation now that networks have adopted end-to-end encryption on their social platforms. “It’s going to have a huge negative impact on our ability to detect and report and ultimately, recover children from sexual exploitation.”

Consequently, law enforcement agencies face significant barriers in investigating perpetrators engaged in online dissemination of these materials.

Utilizing Digital Investigative Solutions to Filter Such Terms

The advancement of digital investigative solutions has provided law enforcement with an opportunity to filter and detect online CSAM. For instance, digital forensics examiners apply their expertise to identify and catalog CSAM. They know this evidence is crucial to a child’s safety and the pursuit of justice.

This digital contraband will be used in criminal prosecution and, more importantly, to save a child. These tools play a vital role in safeguarding children by identifying and tracking down perpetrators.

Successful instances of digital investigative solutions aiding law enforcement demonstrate these technologies’ potential to protect vulnerable children.

It is important to acknowledge the horrors faced by these young victims and hold their abusers accountable. Utilizing accurate terminology forces society to confront the harsh reality of CSAM, fostering a collective responsibility to protect children.